A physician specialized in anesthesiology is referred to as an anesthesiologist, anaesthesiologist, or anaesthetist, depending on the country. In some countries, the terms are synonymous, while in others, they refer to different positions and anesthetist is only used for non-physicians, such as nurse anesthetists. Anesthesiology is the medical specialty that is concerned with the complete perioperative care of patients. The study and application of anesthesia to support a patient's vital functions safely during the perioperative period is the core component of the specialty. Anesthesiology has evolved from an experimental field in which non-specialist practitioners used novel, untested drugs and procedures since the 19th century to a highly refined, safe, and effective medical discipline. In some countries, anesthesiologists make up the largest single group of doctors working in hospitals. Their work can go far beyond providing anesthesia care in the operating room. They can also do things like run intensive care units, transport critically ill patients between facilities, and run prehabilitation programs to prepare patients for surgery. The practice of anesthesia is the foundation of anesthesiology as a specialty. Safe anesthesia necessitates a thorough understanding of the various invasive and non-invasive organ support techniques that are utilized to control patient’s vital functions while they are under the effects of anesthetic drugs. This includes the use of various medications that are injected into the patient and inhaled into the patient to cause a loss of sensation in the patient. This makes it possible to carry out procedures that would otherwise be technically impossible or cause intolerable pain. These include advanced airway management, diagnostic methods like ultrasonography and echocardiography, and both invasive and non-invasive hemodynamic monitors. It is expected of anesthesiologists to have in-depth knowledge of human physiology, pharmacology, and medical physics, as well as a broad general understanding of all aspects of medicine and surgery for patients of all ages, with a focus on those that may have an effect on a surgical procedure. In recent decades, the role of anesthesiologists has expanded to include not only administering anesthetics during the actual surgical procedure but also prior to the procedure in order to identify patients at high risk and improve their fitness, during the procedure in order to maintain situational awareness of the surgical procedure in order to improve safety, and after the procedure to promote and enhance recovery. A term for this is "perioperative medicine." Pain medicine has emerged as a distinct subspecialty thanks to the expertise of anesthesiologists in regional anesthesia and nerve blocks, as well as their responsibility for providing patients with adequate pain relief during the immediate postoperative period. Individual strategies for all forms of analgesia, including pain management during childbirth, neuromodulatory technological methods like implanted spinal cord stimulators or transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, and specialized pharmacological regimens, are all included in this field. You will find more information to look at the subject.

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